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This bug was fixed in the package mysql-5.7 - 5.7.21-1ubuntu1

---------------
mysql-5.7 (5.7.21-1ubuntu1) bionic; urgency=medium

  * Merge from Debian.
  * Remaining changes:
    - Revert "Build with libmecab-dev" since libmecab-dev is in
      universe.

mysql-5.7 (5.7.21-1) unstable; urgency=high (security fixes)

  * Imported upstream version 5.7.21 to fix security issues:
    - http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujan2018-3236628.html
    - CVE-2018-2562 CVE-2018-2565 CVE-2018-2573 CVE-2018-2576
    - CVE-2018-2583 CVE-2018-2586 CVE-2018-2590 CVE-2018-2591
    - CVE-2018-2600 CVE-2018-2612 CVE-2018-2622 CVE-2018-2640
    - CVE-2018-2645 CVE-2018-2646 CVE-2018-2647 CVE-2018-2665
    - CVE-2018-2667 CVE-2018-2668 CVE-2018-2696 CVE-2018-2703
    - CVE-2017-3737
    (Closes: #887477)

 -- Lars Tangvald <lars.tangvald@xxxxxxxxxx>  Fri, 02 Feb 2018 11:58:04
+0100

** Changed in: mysql-5.7 (Ubuntu)
       Status: Confirmed => Fix Released

** CVE added: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2017-3737

** CVE added: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2018-2562

** CVE added: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2018-2565

** CVE added: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2018-2573

** CVE added: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2018-2576

** CVE added: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2018-2583

** CVE added: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2018-2586

** CVE added: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2018-2590

** CVE added: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2018-2591

** CVE added: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2018-2600

** CVE added: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2018-2612

** CVE added: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2018-2622

** CVE added: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2018-2640

** CVE added: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2018-2645

** CVE added: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2018-2646

** CVE added: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2018-2647

** CVE added: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2018-2665

** CVE added: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2018-2667

** CVE added: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2018-2668

** CVE added: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2018-2696

** CVE added: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2018-2703

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1721546

Title:
  max open files limit prevents max_connections over 214 on systemd

Status in mysql-5.7 package in Ubuntu:
  Fix Released
Status in mysql-5.7 source package in Xenial:
  Confirmed
Status in mysql-5.7 source package in Zesty:
  Confirmed
Status in mysql-5.7 source package in Artful:
  Confirmed

Bug description:
  With the default mysql-server installation on systemd versions of
  Ubuntu (xenial and above) setting max_connections to more than 214
  will not work, due to systemd imposed limits:

  root@juju-c2777d-default-1:~# grep max_connections /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld_settings_charm.cnf 
  max_connections = 5500

  root@juju-c2777d-default-1:~# grep max_connections /var/log/mysql/error.log 
  2017-10-05T12:41:16.958726Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: max_connections: 214 (requested 5500)
  2017-10-05T12:41:19.198391Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: max_connections: 214 (requested 5500)

  root@juju-c2777d-default-1:~# grep open_files /var/log/mysql/error.log 
  2017-10-05T12:41:11.824199Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: max_open_files: 1024 (requested 5000)
  2017-10-05T12:41:16.958668Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: max_open_files: 1024 (requested 27500)
  2017-10-05T12:41:19.198342Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: max_open_files: 1024 (requested 27500)

  
  As can be seen, mysql tries to increase the open files limit to 27500, but due to systemd imposed limitation it fails to do so, and then it selects maximum possible number of connections, based on open files limit.

  
  This was the problem with default setups with pre-systemd installs, but upstart allowed mysqld to change the limit of open files before mysqld drops privileges from root to mysql system user.
  Even before that, on sysV init, there was a wrapper, mysqld_safe, which run as root, used ulimit to change the open files limit and then started mysqld as mysql user.

  
  Would it make sense to ship mysql-server packages with mysql.service unit files so that there is no limit for open files, or so that open files limit is substantially higher than 1024?

  This was all discussed when Ubuntu 15.10 came out, for mysql-5.6, in
  bug LP: #1434758, but I am still bringing this up for more recent
  mysql versions.

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