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[Launchpad Bug Tracker <1891680@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>]

This bug was fixed in the package grub2 - 2.02-2ubuntu8.19

---------------
grub2 (2.02-2ubuntu8.19) bionic; urgency=medium

  * grub-install: cherry-pick patch from grub-devel to make grub-install
    fault tolerant. Create backup of files in /boot/grub, and restore them
    on failure to complete grub-install. LP: #1891680
    Also cherry-pick patch to make atexit work correctly.
  * postinst.in: do not exit successfully when failing to show critical
    grub-pc/install_devices_failed and grub-pc/install_devices_empty
    prompts in non-interactive mode. This enables surfacing upgrade errors
    to the users and/or automation. LP: #1891680 LP: #1896608
  * postinst.in: do not attempt to call grub-install upon fresh install of
    grub-pc because it it a job of installers to do that after fresh
    install. Fixup for the issue unmasked by above. LP: #1891680
  * postinst.in: Fixup postinst.in, to attempt grub-install upon explicit
    dpkg-reconfigure grub-pc. LP: #1892526

 -- Dimitri John Ledkov <xnox@xxxxxxxxxx>  Thu, 22 Oct 2020 15:01:52
+0100

** Changed in: grub2 (Ubuntu Bionic)
       Status: Fix Committed => Fix Released

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1891680

Title:
  grub-pc needs to detect when debconf points to invalid drive and stop
  in preinst, before unpacking files, and also treat this as a failure
  in postinst

Status in grub2 package in Ubuntu:
  Fix Released
Status in grub2 source package in Xenial:
  Confirmed
Status in grub2 source package in Bionic:
  Fix Released
Status in grub2 source package in Focal:
  Fix Released
Status in grub2 source package in Groovy:
  Fix Released

Bug description:
  [Impact]

   * grub-pc currently installs new core to MBR and installs new modules
  to /boot in an unsafe manner, which may lead to incompatible
  combination of MBR and modules resulting in failure to boot.

  [Test Case]

   * Install using old point media, of an old release. I.e. 16.04.(p-1)
  for testing upgrades to 18.04 sru, in bios mode.

   * backup the contents of /boot

   * First we will test a case where target boot device exists, yet
  writes to it are denied, thus one can update modules, but cannot
  update the MBR.

   * install /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.grub-install profile

  "/usr/sbin/grub-install" {
    capability,
    mount,
    ptrace,
    signal,
    unix,
    file,
    deny /dev/* w,
  }

     and load it with

    sudo apparmor_parser -r usr.sbin.grub-install

   * Upgrade to the package from next series-proposed, non-interactively

   * Observe the package installation has failed, the grub-pc package is
  in a broken state.

   * Compare the backup of /boot with current /boot, it should have
  remained the same, and is different to modules in
  /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc

   * Remove the apparmor profile /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.grub-install

   * Reboot, reboot should be successful. If possible observe the
  version number in the grub menu, it should still be old.

   * Now we will test a case where a non-existing device ended up being
  configured in debconf. For example, due to old buggy cloud-init having
  been used during first boot, or because the VM got migrated from one
  hardware configuration to another (i.e. offline switch from SCSI sda,
  to VIRTIO vda).

   * Configure invalid grub-pc/install_devices to a non existing device
  (e.g. /dev/sdk)

   * Attempt non-interactive configuration of the grub-pc package

   * Observe the package fails, and the grub-pc package remains in a
  broken state.

   * Compare the backup of /boot with current /boot, it should have
  remained the same, and is different to modules in
  /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc

   * Reboot, reboot should be successful. If possible observe the
  version number in the grub menu, it should still be old.

   * Try to configure all the packages, interactively (i.e. using $ sudo
  dpkg --configure -a or by using $ sudo apt install -f) and ensure to
  select the right drive for grub installation offer

   * Observe that now /boot matches /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc contents, and
  is different from the backup taken at the start.

   * Reboot should be successful, and grub menu should have the new
  version number finally

  [Regression Potential]

   * Existing call to grub-install, is now split into two. And when any
     devices fail to configure, non-interactively error is reported just
     like it was already done with the interactive case.

     It means, it will fail configuration of the package, where
     previously it would report success. However, it is now safer and
     keeps the system bootable, whilst having unconfigured
     packages. This mostly affects non-interactive upgrades, as the
     interactive ones have always shown critical errors trying to
     correct grub-pc installation problems.

     The first stage of grub-install only tries to update the MBR,
     whilst utilizing tmpdirectory to create the core image. This is a
     slight increase in disk space usage, as previously core was created
     in-pace in /boot. Then whilst tmpdir is still populated, /boot
     modules and core are upgraded.

     These changes do not address multi-mbr systems, or cases where
     updating modules fails. For example, it is possible that MBR update
     is successful, yet writting updated modules fails (out of disk space),
     in such scenario MBR is not rolled back to previous one. Or a case
     where MBR updates have succeeded, but only on some devices.
     A choice has been made to update modules in /boot, if at least one
     device has a successful MBR update. No backup, or rollback of MBR is
     performed if module updates fail. This is tricky to do, as it is
     uncertain if current MBR matches the core.img & boot.img from /boot, or
     if some other bootsectors code was in use before. Ideally in the
     future, grub-install itself will be able to stage module updates, and
     commit/rollback them upon successful MBR update.

  [Other Info]

   * Original bug report description

  Currently on upgrade if the debconf variable for the drive to install
  grub-pc to point to a non-existent drive, the grub package will
  nevertheless happily carry on and the postinst will exit 0 - as a
  result leaving the /boot/grub contents and the MBR in an inconsistent
  state, which due to recent ABI changes will leave the system
  unbootable on reboot.

  Three changes required in order to make grub upgrades more resilient:

  - exit non-zero from the postinst when the drive targets are invalid, so that we signal to the user that there is a problem BEFORE they reboot and give them the opportunity to deal with it.  This is addressed by https://code.launchpad.net/~xnox/grub/+git/grub/+merge/388383
  - include a check for target drive validity in the grub preinst, not just in the postinst, so that we avoid unpacking boot assets onto disk that might be incorrectly used by another package (despite grub-pc being in an unconfigured state) and still render the system unbootable; this will in general break release upgrades for affected users, but a failing postinst would do the same anyway, and failing early should leave the package manager in a more consistent state overall.  This is addressed by https://code.launchpad.net/~ubuntu-core-dev/grub/+git/ubuntu/+merge/388423
  - modify grub-install so that it handles the flaky part of the install - updating the BIOS disks - FIRST, and aborts if this fails; instead of the current behavior, which is that /boot/grub is updated on disk first, then it attempts to install to the BIOS disk, and if this part fails, no rollback of the contents of /boot/grub is possible.

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