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steps to reproduce:  
1.  acquire a device with the problem, such as Clevo P180HM laptop motherboard 
2.  install ubuntu 12.04  (now updated to 12.04.3 currently) 
3.  systray > speaker-icon > sound-settings > output tab  
4.  no entry for "speakers built-in audio" appears 

workaround:  
running the shell script mentioned in this comment helps -- 
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/pulseaudio/+bug/946232/comments/158 

however, the workaround is not completely satisfactory, because 
adjusting the (singular) volume-slider provided by pulseaudio only 
causes some of the (multiple) volume-sliders known to alsamixer to react. 
Specifically, turning the pulseaudio volume upwards only changes the 
'master' and belatedly the 'pcm' volumes inside alsamixer.  This ignores 
'speaker clfe' + 'speaker front' + 'speaker surround playback volume' 
plus maybe others.  Effectively, this means audio playback is weak:  instead 
of spreading typical 2ch audiofiles across all internal speakers, only some 
are used, and only at whatever volume alsamixer specifies.  (Turning the 
ignored volumes up in alsamixer causes a different problem:  then it is no 
longer possible to lower the sound to a relatively-quiet volume.)  

Here is some information from one of the ubuntu pulseaudio/alsa devs:  
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/pulseaudio/+bug/946232/comments/159
David Henningsso​n (946232@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx) wrote:  
...you have unusual hardware: in addition to normal
headphones and stereo line out, you have 5.1 internal speakers. This
leads to unusual alsamixer names (e g "Speaker Front") which we do not
match for in PulseAudio. Fixing that means that we should add those
names in PulseAudio - but let's discuss that in a new bug instead.

Let me know if you would like more specifics.  I have run codecgraph,
alsa-info, etc.

$ cat /proc/asound/card*/codec#* | grep --before-context=4 --after-context=1 "Subsystem Id" 
Codec: Realtek ALC892
Address: 0
AFG Function Id: 0x1 (unsol 1)
Vendor Id: 0x10ec0892
Subsystem Id: 0x15588000
Revision Id: 0x100302
--
Codec: ATI R6xx HDMI
Address: 0
AFG Function Id: 0x1 (unsol 0)
Vendor Id: 0x1002aa01
Subsystem Id: 0x00aa0100
Revision Id: 0x100200

$ lspci -vvnn | grep --after-context=1 "Audio device"
00:1b.0 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller [8086:1c20] (rev 05)
	Subsystem: CLEVO/KAPOK Computer Device [1558:8000]
--
01:00.1 Audio device [0403]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Barts HDMI Audio [Radeon HD 6800 Series] [1002:aa88]
	Subsystem: CLEVO/KAPOK Computer Device [1558:8000]

ProblemType: Bug
DistroRelease: Ubuntu 12.04
Package: alsa-base 1.0.25+dfsg-0ubuntu1.1
ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 3.5.0-41.64~precise1-generic 3.5.7.21
Uname: Linux 3.5.0-41-generic x86_64
AlsaVersion: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.25.
ApportVersion: 2.0.1-0ubuntu17.4
Architecture: amd64
ArecordDevices:
 **** List of CAPTURE Hardware Devices ****
 card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: ALC892 Analog [ALC892 Analog]
   Subdevices: 1/1
   Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
AudioDevicesInUse:
 USER        PID ACCESS COMMAND
 /dev/snd/controlC1:  j          6328 F.... pulseaudio
 /dev/snd/controlC0:  j          6328 F.... pulseaudio
Card0.Amixer.info:
 Card hw:0 'PCH'/'HDA Intel PCH at 0xf7f00000 irq 52'
   Mixer name	: 'Realtek ALC892'
   Components	: 'HDA:10ec0892,15588000,00100302'
   Controls      : 36
   Simple ctrls  : 16
Card1.Amixer.info:
 Card hw:1 'Generic'/'HD-Audio Generic at 0xf7e40000 irq 54'
   Mixer name	: 'ATI R6xx HDMI'
   Components	: 'HDA:1002aa01,00aa0100,00100200'
   Controls      : 6
   Simple ctrls  : 1
Card1.Amixer.values:
 Simple mixer control 'IEC958',0
   Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined penum
   Playback channels: Mono
   Mono: Playback [on]
Date: Tue Oct  8 12:02:44 2013
InstallationMedia: This
MarkForUpload: True
PackageArchitecture: all
ProcEnviron:
 TERM=xterm
 PATH=(custom, no user)
 LANG=en_US.UTF-8
 SHELL=/bin/bash
SourcePackage: alsa-driver
Symptom: audio
Symptom_Card: Built-in Audio - HDA Intel PCH
Symptom_Jack: Speaker, Internal
Symptom_Type: Volume slider, or mixer problems
Title: [P180HMx, Realtek ALC892, Speaker, Internal] volume slider problem
UpgradeStatus: No upgrade log present (probably fresh install)
dmi.bios.date: 09/29/2011
dmi.bios.vendor: American Megatrends Inc.
dmi.bios.version: 4.6.4
dmi.board.asset.tag: Not Applicable
dmi.board.name: P180HMx
dmi.board.vendor: CLEVO
dmi.board.version: Not Applicable
dmi.chassis.asset.tag: Not Applicable
dmi.chassis.type: 10
dmi.chassis.vendor: CLEVO
dmi.chassis.version: Not Applicable
dmi.modalias: dmi:bvnAmericanMegatrendsInc.:bvr4.6.4:bd09/29/2011:svnCLEVO:pnP180HMx:pvrNotApplicable:rvnCLEVO:rnP180HMx:rvrNotApplicable:cvnCLEVO:ct10:cvrNotApplicable:
dmi.product.name: P180HMx
dmi.product.version: Not Applicable
dmi.sys.vendor: CLEVO

** Affects: linux (Ubuntu)
     Importance: Undecided
         Status: Fix Committed


** Tags: amd64 apport-bug precise running-unity
-- 
pulseaudio does not recognize internal speakers [P180HMx, Realtek ALC892, Speaker, Internal] volume slider problem
https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1236965
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