yade-users team mailing list archive

[mrhappy <question689671@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>]

New question #689671 on Yade:
https://answers.launchpad.net/yade/+question/689671

Hi all,

I am running the default oedometer.py file (the example file for PFV) and I get the following error:

Running script examples_FluidCouplingPFV_oedometer.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/yade", line 182, in runScript
    execfile(script,globals())
  File "examples_FluidCouplingPFV_oedometer.py", line 26, in <module>
    from builtins import range
ImportError: No module named builtins

Did anyone else experience this?  Any sugeestions. If I go in my .py script and delete the line "from builtins import range", it does not show any error and it seems to work. Any one facing the same issue?

Thank you so much for your help!

CODE:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#*************************************************************************
#  Copyright (C) 2010 by Bruno Chareyre                                  *
#  bruno.chareyre_at_grenoble-inp.fr                                     *
#                                                                        *
#  This program is free software; it is licensed under the terms of the  *
#  GNU General Public License v2 or later. See file LICENSE for details. *
#*************************************************************************/

## Example script for using the DEM-PFV coupling introduced with E. Catalano, as reported in:
## * [Chareyre2012a] Chareyre, B., Cortis, A., Catalano, E., Barthélemy, E. (2012), Pore-scale modeling of viscous flow and induced forces in dense sphere packings. Transport in Porous Media (92), pages 473-493. DOI 10.1007/s11242-011-9915-6
## http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-011-9915-6
## * [Catalano2014a] Catalano, E., Chareyre, B., Barthélémy, E. (2013), Pore-scale modeling of fluid-particles interaction and emerging poromechanical effects. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics. DOI 10.1002/nag.2198
## http://arxiv.org/pdf/1304.4895.pdf
## Also used in:
## * Tong et al.2012 (http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2012032)
## * Sari et al 2011 (http://people.3sr-grenoble.fr/users/bchareyre/pubs/SariChareyreCatalanoPhilippeVincens_Particles2011.pdf)


## The DEM-PFV is applied here to 1D consolidation (oedometer test). The example includes the determination of oedometer modulus Ee and permeability K.
## The 1D consolidation is simulated as a coupled problem and the analytical solution corresponding to the abovementionned Ee and K is used for comparison.
## See triax-tutorial/script-session1.py for more detailed explanations of the packing generation procedure.

## ______________   First section, similar to triax-tutorial/script-session1.py  _________________
from __future__ import print_function
from builtins import range
from yade import pack

num_spheres=1000# number of spheres
young=1e6
compFricDegree = 3 # initial contact friction during the confining phase
finalFricDegree = 30 # contact friction during the deviatoric loading
mn,mx=Vector3(0,0,0),Vector3(1,1,1) # corners of the initial packing

O.materials.append(FrictMat(young=young,poisson=0.5,frictionAngle=radians(compFricDegree),density=2600,label='spheres'))
O.materials.append(FrictMat(young=young,poisson=0.5,frictionAngle=0,density=0,label='walls'))
walls=aabbWalls([mn,mx],thickness=0,material='walls')
wallIds=O.bodies.append(walls)

sp=pack.SpherePack()
sp.makeCloud(mn,mx,-1,0.3333,num_spheres,False, 0.95,seed=1) #"seed" make the "random" generation always the same
sp.toSimulation(material='spheres')

triax=TriaxialStressController(
	maxMultiplier=1.+2e4/young, # spheres growing factor (fast growth)
	finalMaxMultiplier=1.+2e3/young, # spheres growing factor (slow growth)
	thickness = 0,
	stressMask = 7,
	max_vel = 0.005,
	internalCompaction=True, # If true the confining pressure is generated by growing particles
)

newton=NewtonIntegrator(damping=0.2)

O.engines=[
	ForceResetter(),
	InsertionSortCollider([Bo1_Sphere_Aabb(),Bo1_Box_Aabb()]),
	InteractionLoop(
		[Ig2_Sphere_Sphere_ScGeom(),Ig2_Box_Sphere_ScGeom()],
		[Ip2_FrictMat_FrictMat_FrictPhys()],
		[Law2_ScGeom_FrictPhys_CundallStrack()],label="iloop"
	),
	FlowEngine(dead=1,label="flow"),#introduced as a dead engine for the moment, see 2nd section
	GlobalStiffnessTimeStepper(active=1,timeStepUpdateInterval=100,timestepSafetyCoefficient=0.8),
	triax,
	newton
]

triax.goal1=triax.goal2=triax.goal3=-10000

while 1:
  O.run(1000, True)
  unb=unbalancedForce()
  if unb<0.001 and abs(-10000-triax.meanStress)/10000<0.001:
    break

setContactFriction(radians(finalFricDegree))

## ______________   Oedometer section   _________________

#A. Check bulk modulus of the dry material from load/unload cycles
triax.stressMask=2
triax.goal1=triax.goal3=0

triax.internalCompaction=False
triax.wall_bottom_activated=False
#load
triax.goal2=-11000; O.run(2000,1)
#unload
triax.goal2=-10000; O.run(2000,1)
#load
triax.goal2=-11000; O.run(2000,1)
e22=triax.strain[1]
#unload
triax.goal2=-10000; O.run(2000,1)

e22=e22-triax.strain[1]
modulus = 1000./abs(e22)

#B. Activate flow engine and set boundary conditions in order to get permeability
flow.dead=0
flow.defTolerance=0.3
flow.meshUpdateInterval=200
flow.useSolver=3
flow.permeabilityFactor=1
flow.viscosity=10
flow.bndCondIsPressure=[0,0,1,1,0,0]
flow.bndCondValue=[0,0,1,0,0,0]
flow.boundaryUseMaxMin=[0,0,0,0,0,0]
O.dt=0.1e-3
O.dynDt=False

O.run(1,1)
Qin = flow.getBoundaryFlux(2)
Qout = flow.getBoundaryFlux(3)
permeability = abs(Qin)/1.e-4 #size is one, we compute 
print("Qin=",Qin," Qout=",Qout," permeability=",permeability)

#C. now the oedometer test, drained at the top, impermeable at the bottom plate
flow.bndCondIsPressure=[0,0,0,1,0,0]
flow.bndCondValue=[0,0,0,0,0,0]
flow.updateTriangulation=True #force remeshing to reflect new BC immediately
newton.damping=0

#we want the theoretical value from Terzaghi's solution
#keep in mind that we are not in an homogeneous material and the small strain
#assumption is not verified => we don't expect perfect match
#there can be also an overshoot of pressure in the very beginning due to dynamic effects
Cv=permeability*modulus/1e4
zeroTime=O.time
zeroe22 = - triax.strain[1]
dryFraction=0.05 #the top layer is affected by drainage on a certain depth, we account for it here
drye22 = 1000/modulus*dryFraction
wetHeight=1*(1-dryFraction)

def consolidation(Tv): #see your soil mechanics handbook...
	U=1
	for k in range(50):
		M=pi/2*(2*k+1)
		U=U-2/M**2*exp(-M**2*Tv)
	return U

triax.goal2=-11000



from yade import plot

## a function saving variables
def history():
	plot.addData(e22=-triax.strain[1]-zeroe22,e22_theory=drye22+(1-dryFraction)*consolidation((O.time-zeroTime)*Cv/wetHeight**2)*1000./modulus,t=O.time,p=flow.getPorePressure((0.5,0.1,0.5)),s22=-triax.stress(3)[1]-10000)
	#plot.addData(e22=-triax.strain[1],t=O.time,s22=-triax.stress(2)[1],p=flow.MeasurePorePressure((0.5,0.5,0.5)))

O.engines=O.engines+[PyRunner(iterPeriod=200,command='history()',label='recorder')]
##make nice animations:
#O.engines=O.engines+[PyRunner(iterPeriod=200,command='flow.saveVtk()')]

from yade import plot
plot.plots={'t':('e22','e22_theory',None,'s22','p')}
plot.plot()
O.saveTmp()
O.timingEnabled=1
from yade import timing
print("starting oedometer simulation")
O.run(200,1)
timing.stats()

print("\nPress ▶ (the start button) to see graph.\n")

## Make more steps to see the convergence to the stationnary solution

-- 
You received this question notification because your team yade-users is
an answer contact for Yade.